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A total of 290 prescriptions in Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases （《伤寒杂病论》） and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》） and 191 prescriptions in Prescriptionology were selected as representatives of classical prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， which were translated into Chinese and Japanese. The prescription names were used as keywords for search， and the patent application data up to June 2022 were retrieved. The retrieved results underwent data cleaning and manual noise reduction. Taking the important applicants as the starting point， the key technologies were divided and indexed according to the technical improvement characteristics of classic TCM prescriptions， and the intelligence information of patent applications for classic TCM prescriptions in the two countries was deeply excavated. The differences in the patent applications and layout strategies of classic TCM prescriptions between China and Japan were further compared. This paper drew up an accurate and targeted search strategy for more accurate and comprehensive retrieval， collation， and statistics of patent data of classic TCM prescriptions of representative patent applicants in China and Japan. At the same time， this paper deeply explored the information on Chinese patent applications in Japan and compared the differences in patent application strategies and patent protection of classic TCM prescriptions and Chinese prescriptions in Japan taking the layout of classic TCM prescriptions of representative patent applicants in China and Japan as the entry point. On one hand， it can accurately grasp the current patent application status of classic TCM prescriptions in the two countries， and on the other hand， it can also provide some references for the secondary development and research， patent application， and layout of classic prescriptions of enterprises， universities， and research institutions in China.
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Objective:To analyze the relevant situation of hospital patents, and to put forward suggestions to improve the efficiency of patent transformation.Methods:The Patsnap database was used to analyze the general trend, technical field distribution, application contribution, cooperative application, patent value, and achievement transformation of Peking University Cancer Hospital from 2012 to 2021, to provide a reference for the patent layout and achievement transformation of the hospital.Results:Through analysis, the number of hospital patent applications in recent years is obviously increasing, mainly for invention patents; the patent IPC classification is concentrated in A61, C12, C07, and other technical fields; the first inventors of the patents are concentrated; the cooperative patent applications were rare; the patent values are not high.Conclusions:The hospital should build an achievement promotion platform, establish a science and innovation community, set up an incubation fund, and innovate a transformation mode, to improve innovation-driven efficiency.
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OBJECTIVE To provide information service support for research on proteolysis targeting chimera （PROTAC） in China and provide reference for technical development and patent layout of relevant drug research and development institutions. METHODS The patent analysis method was used to search the patent applications related to PROTAC technology that had been applied to China National Intellectual Property Administration and had been issued before Feb. 2022， using the HimmPat patent database as the search platform. The patent application trend， technology life cycle， main applicants， technology source countries， technology themes， improvement routes and other patent data were analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A total of 133 patents were included in this study. The patent application for PROTAC technology started relatively late in China， with the number of applicants increasing from 2 in 2015 to 30 in 2020， and the number of applications increasing from 2 in 2015 to 38 in 2020. Both the annual patent application volume and the number of applicants were in a period of rapid growth， but the average annual application volume of a single applicant was still less than 2， indicating that research in this field was still in the early stage of technology development； the number of applications from Arvinas， Hisco， and Hinova Pharmaceutical Inc. ranked among the top. Although the number of domestic applications led that of foreign applications in China， the average number of simple peer applications and the average number of simple peer countries in domestic patent applications was only 1.5， which was far lower than that of foreign applications in China， reflecting that there was still room for improvement in the “quality” level of domestic applications. The initial improvements in PROTAC technology mainly focused on the selection of E3 ligands， targets and ligands， and then new improvements such as new PROTAC development， linker design and matching methods emerged， indicating that the patent applicant had started a multi-track layout in the early stages of the development of PROTAC technology. It is suggested that the research and development of PROTAC drugs in China should focus on improving the oral bioavailability and biosafety of PROTAC drugs， overcoming potential drug resistance， and exploring rational design and evaluation methods.
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In vitro diagnosis (IVD) is an important source of clinical diagnostic information, and provides an important decision basis for disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. IVD is a necessary tool for promoting graded diagnosis and treatment, realizing precision medicine, constructing a "Healthy China" and responding to major public health emergencies. Combining the great progress made in the development of in vitro diagnostics in China and the shortcomings and weaknesses faced by it, this article analyzed the demand for IVD, policy support, technical and industrial development trends, and the ways to accelerate the industrialization development, aiming to promote the development and improvement of IVD in China.
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Objective:By reviewing and analyzing the patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine compound for the prevention and treatment of chronic complications of diabetes, this paper aims to analize the patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine compound and medication rules for the prevention and treatment of diabetes complications with data mining technology.Methods:Based on data mining technology, this paper searched for the patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine compound that could prevent and treat chronic complications of diabetes with SOOIP (Intellectual Property Big Data Center) website, and analyzed the application trends, number , categories, etc. Then IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 software was used for correlation analysis, and finally the medication and compatibility of the Chinese medicine prescriptions are summarized.Results:There were all together 307 patents, and the number of patent applications for the prevention and treatment of chronic complications of diabetes with Chinese medicines has increased before 2015. Most patents in classification belongs to A61P. China accounts for the majority of the global total applications, of which Shandong province accounts the most. The applicants are mostly individuals and enterprises. The categories commonly used in patent applications are mainly oral drug combinations; The Astragali Radix, Puerariae lobatae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the most commonly used application. The Traditional Chinese Medicine patent mostly has sweet taste, warm in property, and channel-tropism of medicine is mostly liver, as well as the liver is most associated with bitterness in taste. The commonly used couplet medicines are Puerariae lobatae Radix-Astragali Radix, Puerariae lobatae Radix-Rehmanniae Radix, Astragali Radix-Coptidis Rhizoma. Conclusion:The number of such patents applied for in China is small, and the regional development is unbalanced; Data mining technology can be used to discover the compatibility rule of Chinese patent prescription prescription for diabetes prevention and treatment, so as to provide reference for clinical optimization of prescription, improvement of curative effect and development of new drugs for treatment of diabetic complications.
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Objective:By analyzing the patent literature of medical research institutions in Sichuan Province, the current status of patent development in each institution were analyzed to identify existing problems, according to which countermeasures were put forward.Methods:Using IncoPat as the retrieval tool, the patent documents of Sichuan medical scientific research institutions were searched, data about the overall application trend, applicant, patent type, legal events were analyzed, and relevant countermeasures were proposed based on the current patent development situation.Results:At present, the overall development of patents in Sichuan medical scientific research institutions is good, however, there are still some problems and challenges, such as weak awareness of patent protection, low patent quality, insufficient transformation of patent achievements and so on.Conclusions:By analyzing the present situation of patent development of medical scientific research institutions in Sichuan Province, this study put forward some countermeasures, including strengthening publicity on intellectual property protection, improving the driving mechanism, reforming intellectual property management and achievement transformation mechanism, to provide reference for promoting the benign development of patents at medical scientific research institutions, as well as promote the development of medical science and technology innovation.
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BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering is the best way to repair or replace organ failure or tissue defects. From the theoretical point of view to the research in many fields, tissue engineering has developed very rapidly. As cardiovascular disease has become one of the most dangerous factors that endanger human health, research on cardiac tissue engineering has made tremendous progress. OBJECTIVE: To provide advices and references for the development and innovation of cardiac tissue engineering based on patent analysis in the field of cardiac tissue engineering that reveals the global competitive situation of cardiac tissue engineering. METHODS: We qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the number and development tendency, technology birthplaces, target markets, applicants, inventors and technical fields of patents in the field of liver tissue engineering in nearly 20 years. The data visualization method is used to present the current status and tendency of global cardiac tissue engineering technology development and China's development status. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The technology for cardiac tissue engineering has been evolved rapidly and highly innovative, with invention patents accounting for 93.91%. The scale of technological development in the field of cardiac tissue engineering in China is not expanded as large as that in the United States, but the growth rate is far faster than that in the United States, and it has accumulated a certain number of high-quality technological achievements, becoming the second largest source of technology in the world. The United States is the most concerned target market in the field of cardiac tissue engineering, and the Chinese market currently ranks fourth. Chinese cardiac tissue engineering has developed rapidly in recent years, growing much faster than that in the United States. There are three institutions in China that has mounted to the front of the world in terms of technology development. Due to a lack of technological achievements with high potential market value, there is still a certain gap between China and the United States. Chinese inventors have achieved certain results in this field, mainly in enterprises. The main fields of technological innovation in this field are heart valve covering materials and cell scaffolds. Through an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of patents in the field of cardiac tissue engineering, it can be found that the global development of cardiac tissue engineering is active and innovative, but generally lacks high-quality results. The United States is the most concerned target market in this field and the most important technology birthplace, whereas China is at a stage of rapid development in this field. In order to improve technological competitiveness, enterprises and universities should strengthen cooperation and focus on research hot spots.
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OBJECTIVE：To understand the current situation and existing problems of Blumea balsamifera industry in China ， and to provide reference for its sustainable development . METHODS ：With the keywords of “B. balsamifera ”“Ai Pian ”“Ai Fen ”， etc.，through the patent platform of SooPat and Baiten ，the patent data of B. balsamifera that had been published from Jan. 1989 to Dec. 2019 were collected. The International Patent Classification （IPC）was used to sort out and count the patent information of B. balsamifera，to understand the development status of B. balsamifera industry in technology and research field ，to analyze the existing problems and to explore the development trend of B. balsamifera industry in China so as to put forward corresponding suggestions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：A total of 690 patents related to B. balsamifera were collected ，mainly invention patents，of which the authorization rate was 27.39％，the effective rate was 17.97％，and the failure rate was 55.22％. Top 10 applicants with the largest number of applications had a total of 165 applications，accounting for 23.91％ of the total number of applications. Top 10 applicants were 4 enterprises，3 natural persons and 3 colleges and universities. The patents of B. balsamifera were mainly distributed in Guizhou ，Shandong，Anhui，Guangdong，Guangxi and Hainan ，accounting for 81.01％ of the total patent applications of B. balsamifera . The patent technology field of B. balsamifera had expanded from traditional Chinese medicine to daily chemical products ，health care and physiotherapy and other daily consumer good fields. From the perspective of patent intensity，the number and quality of patent applications were not coordinated ，and there were many meaningless patent applications，and the conversion rate was low. It is suggested that China should strengthen the research on B. balsamifera and its more compatible medicinal materials ，promote the innovation ，development，transformation and upgrading of B. balsamifera industry；strengthen the systematic and in-depth research on B. balsamifera，improve the quality and conversion rate of patent xiexiaoli13@126.com technology，and revitalize the development of B. balsamifera industry； expand multi-party cooperation ， strengthen the E-mail：fulai.yu@163.com research on patent core technology ，build the strategic alliance of intellectual property rights of B. balsamifera industry，and realize the high quality development of B. balsamifera industry.
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BACKGROUND: Patent is the most effective carrier of technological information. Preliminary study evaluates the strength of technology development in this field from the angle of patent quantity and quality, regional distribution of patent applicants, countries/regions of patent acceptance, patent applicants, inventors, and technical fields OBJECTIVE: To identify the hot sub-fields of tissue engineering through patent analysis, show their technological strength, reveal China’s level globally, and also clarify the competition between China and United States on the basis of previous research. METHODS: Combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, the hot sub-fields of tissue engineering were identified based on the patsnap patent database. It analyzes from three perspectives: patent application, invention patent grant, and tripartite patent application, and demonstrates the scale and growth rate of technology development in the hot sub-fields from the perspective of the patent number and quality. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There are four hot sub-fields in the field of tissue engineering: bone, skin, nerve, and cornea; each has its own characteristics. Bone tissue engineering is relatively large-scale. (2) The scale in the skin and nerve sub-fields is limited; corneal tissue engineering has not yet reached a certain amount of scale, but the output of technological achievements with high-quality and high-market value is high. (3) The technological scale and growth rate in the field of bone tissue engineering in China are much bigger and faster than those in the United States, and it also has accumulated a certain number of high-quality technological achievements. The technological scales of skin and nerve sub-fields in China exceed those in United States, and high-quality technological outputs are about twice that in United States. The technological scale and high-quality achievements in the corneal tissue engineering in China are far beyond those in the United States. (4) China’s high-market-value achievements in the hot sub-fields of tissue engineering are still far behind the United States.
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BACKGROUND: China is a country with high incidence of liver disease. Liver tissue engineering, which is still in the stage of exploration, has brought a new hope for treatment. OBJECTIVE: To provide advices and references for the development and innovation of liver tissue engineering based on patent analysis. METHODS: The number and development tendency, as well as the technology birthplace, target market, applicants, inventors and technical fields of patents in the field of liver tissue engineering in nearly 20 years were analyzed in this study. The keywords for full-text search included tissue engineering, tissue regenerate/repair, and hepatic/liver. The retrieval deadline was December 28, 2018. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There is a rapid development in the field of the global liver tissue engineering. The compound growth rate in the past 10 years is 8.64%, of which invention patents account for 84.93%. China is the main technology birthplace; however, the number of tripartite patents of China is far less than that of the United States and Japan. China and the United States are the two most high-profile target markets in the field of liver tissue engineering, but the applicants are mostly from native instead of international. Meanwhile, there are 8 Chinese application institutions and 14 Chinese inventors ranking among the top 20 in the world in this field. In conclusion, liver tissue engineering has developed rapidly in China, but the lack of core technology is still an important issue. Therefore, we must improve our innovation capabilities and explore core technologies continuously to enhance our international competitiveness.
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Phyllanthi Fructus is a dried and ripe fruit that comes from Phyllanthus emblica of Euphorbiaceae. It is a characteristic Chinese and Tibetan medicine and one of homologous varieties of medicine and food with the breeding potential and development value. Abundant patents of P. emblica have been applied in recent years, which have advantages in food and beverages with rich downstream product development. However, the upstream industry chain has weak patent protection with low patents conversion rate, and the basic research of patent application is weak. Therefore, technological breakthroughs and technical protection in the upstream and middle reaches of the industrial chain should be strengthened. At the same time, the quality of patents should be improved, the status of varieties of P. emblica should be enhanced, the collaboration between industry, university and research institute should be strengthened and the basic and applied research should be improved. Based on the Incopat global patent database, the combination of patent analysis method and SWOT analysis method was used to analyze the status and development trends of domestic and foreign patents applications in P. emblica industrial chain, with a view to providing a reference for the development and utilization of P. emblica in the new era, industry chain patent layout and related industries, and the improvement of international competitiveness.
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Xanthii Fructus (XF), the dry ripe involucrate fruit of Xanthium sibiricum, with the function of dispersing wind, dehumidification and dredging stuffy nose, plays an important role in the treatment of nasal diseases and has great development potential and market value. There were a large number of patents on XF in China with a wide range, which was in the leading position in the field of medicine. However, the patent development and basic research in the industrial chain and midstream reaches were relatively weak, the research was not deep enough, and the patent conversion rate was low. For the downstream products of XF, we should improve the quality of development and create the key products; The basic research in the upstream and midstream of the industrial chain should be combined with the application research, strengthen the technological breakthrough, enhance the awareness of patent protection and improve the patent quality in China. Based on the Incopat global patent database, the patent analysis method and SWOT analysis method were combined to analyze the current situation and development trend of patent application in XF industrial chain at home and abroad, to provide reference for the development and utilization of XF in the new era, the layout of industrial chain patents, and the improvement of international competitiveness of related industries.
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Based on the overall situation of global pharmaceutical equipment patents, featuring traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical equipment, the key technology areas of traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical processing, pelleting, and drying related equipment were in-depth analyzed. The core technical field of pharmaceutical equipment and its development trend were studied by the social network analysis method. The analysis results showed that the global pharmaceutical equipment industry had entered a period of rapid technological development. The technology and market of processing equipment are highly concentrated in China, but the technological innovation of the most characteristic of traditional Chinese medicine processing equipment is very weak. Tasly is the most important main body of technological innovation of dripping pills equipment. Tasly uses the vibrating dripping system process improvement as a breakthrough point, which has driven the innovation of dripping equipment technology. The competition in drying equipment technology is fierce, and well-known companies are from Denmark, Germany, and other countries. Pharmaceutical equipment such as drying, crushing and sieve analysis are the current core technology fields. It is recommended that domestic applicants strengthen the original innovation of the traditional Chinese medicine processed equipment, strengthen the innovation oftraditional Chinese medicine and pharmaceutical technology to realize the innovative research and protection model of product-process-equipment, grasp the green and intelligent development direction and strengthen the core field technology innovation.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the global patent layout of ibrutinib, the patent layout of key themes, and the original research company's patent layout of ibrutinib, so as to provide a reference for the related domestic drug companies to be acquainted with the patent status of the drug, and to select and decide their breakthrough points and market competition strategies. In this study, the drug name and drug structure were used as keywords for search in the patent databases CNABS and DWPI, and the results were combined with the search results from the International Online Search System STN. Then, the patent with ibrutinib as the invention point was selected and used for further analysis. Pharmacyclics has applied for 26 patents on ibrutinib in China, and the subject matter relates to compounds, compositions, new uses, dosage forms, preparation methods and so on. Among them, 4 patents have been granted, 8 patents have been rejected or overdue, and 14 patent applications are still pending. In order to break through the patent barriers of ibrutinib, Chinese pharmaceutical companies should always pay much attention to the patent approval process and the expiration status of patents from the original research company, and make full use of the intellectual property system to effectively protect their own innovations.
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OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for the R&D of TCM patents for treating gastric cancer and layout. METHODS：TCM patents for treating gastric cancer collected by the State Intellectual Property Office and the European Patent Office Espacenet were retrieved from the inception to Dec. 31st， 2019. After the initial examination ，a second search was conducted based on the keywords such as “Stomachache”“Fuliang” “Accumulation”“Cancer of stomach ”“Gastric”and their synonyms. Each literature was read one by one and screened manually. Excel 2007 software was used to input general information of included patents. SPSS modeler 15.0 software and SPSS 22.0 software were used for association rule analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of TCM used more than 30 times and top 30 frequently used. Based on patent analysis ，internal strength （S），weakness（W），external opportunity （O）and threat （T）of TCM for treating gastric cancer were analyzed ；based on this ，four different types of combination strategies were formulated. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：Finally，385 patents were obtained ，including 379 domestic patents （98.44％） and 6 foreign patents （1.56％）. The number of patent applications and applicants of TCM for treating gastric cancer in China was on the rise during 1994-2016. The commonly used TCM for treating gastric cancer were mainly tonifying deficiency drugs and heat clearing drugs ， and the meridian tropism were mostly the stomach meridian and spleen meridian. According to the efficacy ，the commonly used drug combinations include the combination of tonifying spleen and Qi ，the combination of anti-cancer and detoxification ，and the combination of drying dampness and resolving phlegm. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis showed that Poria cocos ， Atractylodes macrocephala ，Astragalus membranaceus ，Scutellaria barbata ，Hedyotis diffusa and Glycyrrhiza uralensis were clustered into one category and the common combination for treating gastric cancer. The remaining cluster distributions are also in line with the characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment. Strength of domestic TCM patents for treating gastric cancer were that the number of patents in China was taking a leading position in the world ，the patent system of key applicants was mature，the combination of compound patents embodied the characteristics of disease and dialectical theory. Weakness included low patent authorization rate ，to-be-improved effectiveness and safety studies of TCM patents ，weak development of TCM extract patents，low degree of patent internationalization and hanging same-family patents. Opportunities were that the demand for drugs for gastric cancer was increasing with each passing day ，and natione actively support the development of the TCM industry. Threats were that competitors in the international market had the potential to seize the market. The development of TCM for treating gastric cancer in China should take market demand and national policy support as an opportunity ，learn from TCM patent characteristic system of key applicants ，continue to give full play to the advantages of TCM in prevention and syndrome differentiation of disease，pay more efforts to the development of weak links such as TCM extracts ，safety and effectiveness ，improve the international competitiveness in the field of patents ，while establish a warning and navigation analysis system for patents to effectively reduce the intellectual property threats and risks of invention patents of China in the international environment.
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This article briefly introduces the strategic framework of genetic technology of Chinese government and Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the remarkable progress of genetic technology under this guidance. Using bibliometric and patent analysis methods, we reveal the current status of genetic technology research and development in China. China has made great achievements, both in terms of quantity and quality of academic publications, and quantity of patent applications. However, there are still something need to be improved, such as international cooperation and combination the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes. In the future, China will improve top-level planning and government guidance and supervision. In addition, it is also crucial to encourage investment from enterprise and communities, and to broadcast the science and technology to the whole society. Moreover, actions have to be taken to reduce the risks of bio-safety and bio-security. The innovation and breakthrough of genetic technology is a key to sustainable development in the bio-industry and bio-economy in China.
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@#2 115 patents of China Pharmaceutical University since the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development were retrieved through the incoPat patents analysis database. By the analyses of the application trend, the legal status, the duration of patents maintenance, the field and theme of patent technologies, transfer and licensing, foreign patents application and so on, this paper combs the characteristics of patent development of the university, and hopes to provide the basis for the formulation of intellectual property strategies, and the planning and adjustment of disciplines in the construction of the university in its “Double First-Class” initiative.
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@#Anticoagulant drugs are widely used in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic diseases. In recent years, coagulation factor Xa inhibitors have become a hot spot for the development of new anticoagulant drugs. However, the anticoagulant drugs currently used still have side-effects such as increased bleeding risk. This paper analyzes the patent applications of coagulation factor Xa inhibitors, and summarizes the development route of patent application of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and Guangdong Dongyang Pharmaceutical Co. , Ltd. as representatives of key enterprises, in order to provide some useful references and recommendations for the development, patent protection countermeasure and intellectual property strategy of coagulation factor Xa for domestic pharmaceutical enterprises.
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Through the analysis of patent jurisprudence, it is proved that the Classical Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CPTCM) belongs to the scope of "existing technology" in the Law of Patent, and has lost the foundation of obtaining patent rights. Taking Japan's CPTCM as an example, based on the analysis of the administration of CPTCM and patent applications related to CPTCM in Japan, it is proved that CPTCM can not obtain patent authorization in Japan. Through the comparison of patent in China, the United States, Europe and worldwide region, it is proved that China is still the main source of patent applications for Traditional Chinese Medicine. At the end of the article, the author puts forward the suggestion of "active protection". It is believed that we should abandon the concept of patent-only protection and improve the influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine in worldwide from the aspects of industrial development, promotion ofits application, and intellectual property protection.
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Through the analysis of patent jurisprudence, it is proved that the Classical Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CPTCM) belongs to the scope of "existing technology" in the Law of Patent, and has lost the foundation of obtaining patent rights. Taking Japan's CPTCM as an example, based on the analysis of the administration of CPTCM and patent applications related to CPTCM in Japan, it is proved that CPTCM can not obtain patent authorization in Japan. Through the comparison of patent in China, the United States, Europe and worldwide region, it is proved that China is still the main source of patent applications for Traditional Chinese Medicine. At the end of the article, the author puts forward the suggestion of "active protection". It is believed that we should abandon the concept of patent-only protection and improve the influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine in worldwide from the aspects of industrial development, promotion ofits application, and intellectual property protection.